Fig. 3: Spatial patterns of significantly higher interannual-to-decadal prediction skills in habitat viability using the decadal prediction system at the upper-200 m layer for species with medium trait of temperature sensitivity of hypoxic vulnerability (0.4 eV).

a, b Prediction skills of Anomaly Correlation Coefficient (ACC; a) and Normalized Mean Absolute Error (NMAE; b) for the simple persistence forecast at lead year (LY) 1, 2, 4, 7, and 10. c, d Same as a, b but for the prediction skills of the Decadal Prediction Large Ensemble (DPLE) forecast. Black dots denote locations that have ACCs significantly nonzero at the 95% confidence level. The black solid contours in each panel indicate the boundaries of the Large Marine Ecosystems. Data to reproduce the figures are shared on Figshare53.