Fig. 1: The impact of AM fungi (AMF) and plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) interactions on the plant host.

Data indicate the impact of AMF and PPN on mean A shoot biomass, B host photosynthetic efficiency before harvest as indicated by FV/FM, and C root biomass. Treatments are indicated by x axis labels and schematics: control = no symbiont, ‘/’ = roots split between the two stated treatments, ‘+’ = both symbionts together on the same sampled roots. All data were collected at 5 weeks post inoculation. Root biomass indicates the biomass of roots in the specified split-root compartment. Bars represent five biological replicates with the standard error of the mean. Different letters denote significance (A, B one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference test, p < 0.05. C Linear mixed-effects models were applied to account for the non-independency of split roots belonging to the same plant, Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference test, p < 0.05).