Fig. 3: Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution experiments in solution.

a Time course of H2 production for the six Pdots, b HER values for the six Pdots, c HER values of the PITIC-ThF Pdots and PBTIC-ThF Pdots with different weights of photocatalyst. Experimental conditions include 0.1 M ascorbic acid (AA), white LED light (λ > 420 nm, 20 W, and 6500 K), and 3% H2PtCl6. d The time course of H2 production for the PITIC-ThF and PBTIC-ThF Pdots under NIR light. e The HER values of PITIC-ThF and PBTIC-ThF Pdots under NIR light. Experimental conditions include 0.1 M ascorbic acid (AA), 3% H2PtCl6, and a xenon lamp light source (λ > 780 nm and 3000 W m−2). f The apparent quantum yields for the PITIC-ThF Pdots and PBTIC-ThF Pdots at different wavelengths.