Fig. 5: Impact of Mo doping on structural properties and catalytic performance of Pd1/MoWO3.

a Structures of the transition states of hydrogen spillover process on Pd1/MoWO3 and DFT-calculated reaction energies of the heterolytic H2 dissociation and subsequent spillover on adjacent (H–O) for Pd1/WO3 and Pd1/MoWO3 (detailed structures were shown in Supplementary Fig. 38). b Contact angle measurements for activated Pd1/MoWO3 and Pd1/WO3. c Evolution of in situ FT-IR spectra of H2 adsorbed on Pd/MoWO3 in a flow of H2 and the absorption intensity at 3280 cm−1 toward time over Pd1/WO3 and Pd1/MoWO3. d Comparison of specific activity and MBE selectivity for fresh Pd1/WO3, activated Pd1/WO3, fresh Pd1/MoWO3, activated Pd1/MoWO3 and other catalysts toward semi-hydrogenation of MBY. The specific reaction conditions and conversion of each catalyst can be found in the Supplementary Table 2. e Cycling stability test of the selective hydrogenation of MBY over Pd1/MoWO3.