Fig. 2: The spectroscopic characterization of catalysts.

The deconvolutions of XPS (a) Zr 3d and (b) Fe 2p spectra. Data fitting was performed using uniform half-peak width and non-fixed peak positions. c 57Fe Mössbauer spectra of UiO-66-NH2-(Zr/Fe) and UiO-66-NH2-(Zr/Fe)/GA at 25 °C. d XANES Fe k-edge (inset: magnified spectra) and (e) FT-EXAFS Fe k-edge spectra in the R space of UiO-66-NH2-(Zr/Fe) and UiO-66-NH2-(Zr/Fe)/GA, Fe foil and Fe2O3 were used as references. f Fitting of the FT-EXAFS Fe k-edge curve (inset: fitting structure) of UiO-66-NH2-(Zr/Fe)/GA.