Fig. 5: Mechanisms of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in driving Arctic atmospheric river (AR) trends.
From: The role of interdecadal climate oscillations in driving Arctic atmospheric river trends
a Ensemble mean pattern of the regression of Arctic AR frequency time series onto the standardized IPO index, which represents the total effect of IPO on AR frequency trend. b Similar to (a), but obtained by regressing the Arctic AR frequency time series associated with circulation variability onto the standardized IPO index, which represents the dynamical contribution of IPO to the total AR frequency trend. c Obtained by taking the difference between (a) and (b), representing the thermodynamical contribution of the IPO to the total AR frequency trend. d–f Same as (a)–(c), but for the AMO. These regression patterns are based on the historical + SSP370 data in LENS2 from 1979 to 2100. Stippled areas indicate the regression is significant at the 0.05 level based on the Student’s t-test.
