Fig. 7: HCQ alleviated iRBCs induced lung injury by blocking PRL2 degradation and NET formation.

a A flow chart depicting hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) treatment for iRBCs and TNF-α induced acute lung injury (ALI). b–g C57BL/6 J mice were treated with normal saline (NS) or HCQ and induced ALI, or just treated with NS and grouped as normal control (Con) (n = 6 mice per group). b Percentage of peripheral myeloid cells (CD11b⁺) and neutrophils (CD11b⁺Ly6G⁺).c Relative PRL2 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) in different subsets of peripheral blood cells, normalized to normal control mice. d Pulmonary pathology scores and infiltrated neutrophils numbers were quantified from lung tissues stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E). e Representative images of lung tissues. Scale bars, left: 50 μm, right: 10 μm. f Representative immunofluorescence images of lung tissues. DNA is stained in blue (DAPI), myeloperoxidase is stained in green (MPO) and citrullinated histone H3 is stained in red (Cit-H3). Scale bars, 20 μm. Neutrophils are indicated as co-stained with MPO and DAPI. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are indicated as co-stained with MPO and Cit-H3. g Quantification of neutrophils and NETs from (f). All data were pooled from two independent experiments. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM or in violin plots showing the median and interquartile range. p values were calculated by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple testing (b, c, d, g) and shown in the figures. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.