Fig. 1: Effects of overfeeding in lean and diet-induced obese mice.

a Schematic overview of the experimental overfeeding (ExpOF) setup in chow-fed lean mice. Created with BioRender.com. b Body weight changes (percentage over baseline) in control (n = 12) and ExpOF (n = 8) mice. Body weight is set at 100% at d0 (start of ExpOF). c Absolute body weight (in grams) of the same mice shown in b on day 0, 14, and 21. d Daily total (dark blue) and voluntary (light blue) energy intake (in kcal) of the same mice shown in b. e Representative images of H&E-stained eWAT sections of control and ExpOF mice on d14 and d14 + 3 (n = 5), quantified in f. Scale bar = 100 µm. f Quantitative analysis of adipocyte size in eWAT sections from e. g Plasma triglycerides (TG + free glycerol) levels (in mg/dL) in control and ExpOF mice on d14 and d14 + 3 (n = 6). h Plasma NEFA levels (in mM) in control and ExpOF mice on d14 and d14 + 3 (n = 6). i Plasma total cholesterol levels (in mg/dL) in control and ExpOF mice on d14 and d14 + 3 (n = 6). j Schematic overview of the ExpOF setup in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. Created with BioRender.com. k Body weight changes (percentage over baseline) in control (n = 12) and ExpOF (n = 11) DIO mice. Body weight is set at 100% at d0 (start of ExpOF). l Absolute body weight (in grams) of same mice shown in k on days 0, 14, and 21. m Daily total (dark green) and voluntary (light green) energy intake (in kcal) of same mice shown in k. Data shown as mean ± SEM with individual values plotted in c, f–i, l. P values were calculated using 1-way ANOVA and Tukey´s post hoc analysis (f), 2-way ANOVA (mixed-effects analysis) using overfeeding and time as factors (c, g–i, l). */**/*** was used when p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively, in the post hoc comparisons after ANOVA (c, f, l). */#/$; **/##/$$; ***/###/$$$ were used when p < 0.05; p < 0.01; p < 0.001, for overfeeding/time/interaction effects, respectively (g–i). n: number of mice (biological replicates). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.