Fig. 4: Durable Li-metal electrodes enabled by Li-CuMH SSEs.

a Critical current density (CCD) measurement of the Li/Li-CuMH SSE/Li symmetric cell. b Comparison of CCD and overpotential values between the Li-CuMH SSE and reported solid-state electrolytes31,53,54,55,56,57,58. Long-term Li plating/stripping reversibility of Li/Li-CuMH SSE/Li symmetric cells at current densities of c 0.3 mA cm−2 and d 0.5 mA cm−2. e Ex situ Nyquist plots of Li/Li-CuMH SSE/Li cells after various cycle numbers at 0.5 mA cm−2. f Flammability tests of the Li-CuMH SSE and glass fiber separator carrying liquid electrolyte.