Fig. 5: Li-CuMH SSE-based solid-state full batteries.

a Digital photographs of the LiFePO4 (LFP) cathode slurry containing the Li-CuMH emulsion (inset). b Side view SEM image and c the corresponding EDS mapping of the pressed Li-CuMH SSE onto LFP laminate. The colors of Cu, Al, O and C elements are pink, yellow, blue and green, respectively. d Rate performance of the LFP/Li-CuMH SSE/Li battery at various current rates at 25 °C. e Charge/discharge profiles of the LFP/Li-CuMH SSE/Li battery after various cycles at 0.5 C (1 C = 170 mAh g−1) and room temperature. f Long-term cycling stability of the LFP/Li-CuMH/Li battery at 0.5 C at 25 °C. g First-cycle charge/discharge profiles of LFP/Li full batteries based on three types of electrolytes at 0.5 C. h Radar plot of comprehensive performance of LFP/Li batteries with different electrolytes. i Charge/discharge profiles of the NCM532/Li-CuMH SSE/Li full battery after various cycles. j Cycling stability of soft-package LFP/Li-CuMH SSE/Li cell at 25 °C. k Working states of the soft-package LFP/Li-CuMH SSE/Li batteries under various harsh conditions including flatting, bending and cutting.