Fig. 3: Analysis of interfacial structure and energy transfer in the heterogeneous core@shell@shell NPs.
From: Dual heterogeneous interfaces enhance X-ray excited persistent luminescence for low-dose 3D imaging
a Illustration of the dislocation of interfacial F− ions into interstitial sites within the homogeneous (Lu@Lu, Y@Y) and heterogeneous (Lu@Y) core@shell structures. b Calculated Frenkel defect formation energies in these three core@shell NPs. c TL spectra of the Y@Lu/Dy@Y (red), Lu@Lu/Dy@Y NPs (cyan), and Lu@Lu/Dy@Lu (purple) NPs. d FFT pattern of a single Y@Lu/Dy@Y NP. e Strain maps of GPA (ωxy and ωyy) for the (110) plane in the high-resolution TEM image. f Proposed energy transfer mechanism for the improved XEPL. Hot electrons and deep holes are generated through the photoelectric effect, with some secondary electrons being captured by traps, subsequently giving rise to XEPL emission. CB conduction band. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
