Fig. 2: Experimental and calculated spectra of frequency conversion in the hybrid meta-molecule array.

a Microscopic image of the fabricated superconductor-metal hybrid meta-molecule array. b Normalized reference power spectra obtained after the input pulse, centered at 0.34 THz, transmitting through a magnesium oxide (MgO) substrate. Two-dimensional plot showing the measured c and calculated d output power spectra as a function of the pump-probe delay (tpp). The red marker curves indicate the converted frequency region. The blue arrows indicate the center frequency of the input pulse. The black dashed lines indicate the moments when the frequency conversion occurs and ends. e Measured and f calculated output power spectra for various tpp (each curve is vertically offset by 0.15). The red dashed lines indicate the frequency shift of the converted wave peak. The blue dashed lines indicate the center frequency of the input signal.