Fig. 3: Frequency and phase of the converted THz waves.

a Power spectra obtained under different incident powers (Pin) when tpp = −3.7 ps. b Linear relationship between the converted power and the input power at 0.47 THz. The measured data are depicted with solid circles corresponding to the points in (a). The dashed line represents the fitted curve. c Frequencies of the converted wave peaks (fc) as a function of tpp. The measured fc is denoted by open circles, while the solid curve represents the calculated fc. d The relative phase (Δφ) of the converted wave at the peak frequencies (corresponding to Fig. 3c) with respect to the phase of the input wave at the center frequency. The open circles show the measured Δφ, and the solid curve shows the calculated Δφ.