Fig. 6: Offset optimization example: mid-day period of Adams Rd.
From: Traffic light optimization with low penetration rate vehicle trajectory data

a–d Show the southbound and northbound aggregated TS diagrams before and after the offset optimization. Before the offset optimization, the dashed outlined areas M, N, K in a and b show that the trajectories from the upstream queue arrived at the downstream during the red light. After the new offsets were implemented, the coordination in the same areas (M’, N’, and K’ in c and d) were significantly improved: the upstream discharge queue directly passes the downstream intersection without stopping. The blue lines are hypothetical trajectories that traverse the whole corridor which also have less delay and number of stops.