Table 2 Effective grain size and fraction of retained austenite in the welds with different contents (wt%) of alloying elements

From: Ultrastrong and ductile steel welds achieved by fine interlocking microstructures with film-like retained austenite

GIGA steel weld

Alloying elements, wt%

Effective grain size, μm

Fraction of retained austenite, %

Ni

Nb

Cr

1.2GPa L-Nb

(1.2GPa L-Nb/L-Ni)

Reference *

0.01

0.016

0.73

4.5

0.4

1.2 GPa H-Nb

(1.2GPa H-Nb/L-Ni)

Developed

0.01

0.035

0.64

2.7

1.0

1.2 GPa H-Ni

(1.2GPa H-Ni/L-Nb)

Conventional

1.13

0.016

0.34

3.6

0.3

1.0GPa L-Nb

(1.0GPa L-Nb/L-Ni)

Reference *

0.01

0.011

0.70

5.2

0.9

1.0 GPa H-Nb

(1.0GPa H-Nb/L-Ni)

Developed

0.01

0.038

0.73

4.3

1.8

1.0 GPa H-Ni

(1.0GPa H-Ni/L-Nb)

Conventional

1.44

0.010

0.34

4.4

0.5

  1. * Reference: Sole addition of Cr decoupled from Nb instead of Ni.