Fig. 4: NO3‒ intermediates hydrogenation.
From: Sustainable conversion of alkaline nitrate to ammonia at activities greater than 2 A cm−2

a In situ Raman spectra of Pd-Cl/Cu2O. b Schematic diagram of the local H+-abundant environment construction over Pd-Cl/Cu2O. In situ Raman spectra of Pd-Cl/Cu2O (c), corresponding peak area (d) and Raman shift (e) of various interfacial H2O structures. In situ ATR-IR spectra of Pd-Cl/Cu2O (f) and Pd/Cu2O (g) catalysts. Si-O signal was derived from the reduction of surface SiO2 on the Si semi-cylindrical prism substrate under the applied potentials.