Fig. 4: Hrd1 dimers are minimally required for autoubiquitination.
From: Direct observation of autoubiquitination for an integral membrane ubiquitin ligase in ERAD
a Schematic of Hrd120:1 proteoliposome dilution to reduce the interaction of Hrd1 molecules across different liposomes. b Quantification of stepwise colocalization for ubiquitinCy3 and Hrd1Cy5 signals from ubiquitination assay of Hrd120:1 diluted 20 fold with empty liposomes. These summary data combine three independent experiments. c Alphafold multimer prediction of Ubc7 (yellow), ubiquitin (green), and the Hrd1 RING domain (purple). d Model for Hrd1 autoubiquitination. Autoubiquitination requires two Hrd1 proteins and cannot happen in cis, but only in trans. Each imaging panel is representative of at least three independent experiments and summary data combine three independent experiments. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. See also Supplementary Fig. 4.
