Fig. 1: Design of LNPs containing defined lipid phases.

a Curvature in lipid mixtures is driven by the composition of lipids with various curvature profiles Compositions with larger amounts of lipids with a R0 < 0 lead to the formation of inverted phases. b Lamellar structures can transition towards inverted phases by the increase of DOPE lipid content. c LNP compositions designed to form lamellar and inverted lipid structures encapsulating siRNA used in this study. d–f SAXS profiles of the LNP compositions shown in c, at different N/P ratios. g–i Representative cryoTEM images of the LNPs compositions in c, at NP ratio = 1. Scale bars are 100 nm. Black arrows indicate the presence of lamellar structures. White arrows indicate the presence of nonlamellar structures. Micrographs are representative selections from a triplicate of experiments. Abbreviations used: NP Nitrogen to phosphate ratio. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.