Fig. 2: Identification and quantification of lipid-siRNA structures in LNPs.

a CryoTEM of representative structures found in 10PE-LNP-NP1. FFT values represent the [100] structure and higher-order reflections. Scale bars are 50 nm. b Quantification of lamellar spacings (n = 84, 5.88 nm ± 0.65 nm, median = 6.18 nm). Values are derived from the first-order reflections in the Fourier transform of 10PE-LNP-NP1. c CryoTEM of individual particles displayed representative structures found in 30PE-LNP-NP1. Scale bars are 50 nm. d Quantification of lattice spacings of the different structures displayed in c: straight lines (n = 56, 5.78 nm ± 0.14 nm), hexagons (n = 34, 5.77 nm ± 0.14 nm) and lamellae (n = 78, 6.26 nm ± 0.18 nm). e CryoTEM of individual particles displaying representative structures found in 49PE-LNP-NP1. Scale bars are 50 nm. f Quantification of lattice spacings of the different structures displayed in e: hexagons (n = 46, 6.03 ± 0.12 nm) and straight lines (n = 35, 6.10 ± 0.13 nm). g Atomistic model of inverse hexagonal lipid structures with associated primitive cell. The lattice spacings derived from cryoTEM images are denoted as (a). Abbreviations used: NP itrogen to phosphate ratio, avg. average. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.