Fig. 1: Dynamic changes in transcriptome and enhancer landscape during EVT differentiation.

a Representative brightfield images of TSCs and differentiating cells to EVTs on days 1 (EVT D1), 2 (EVT D2), 3 (EVT D3), 4 (EVT D4), 5 (EVT D5), and 8 (EVT D8). Scale bar: 100 µm. Two independent repeats were carried out, resulting in similar results. Cells used for transcriptome profiling (top) and enhancer mapping (bottom) are labeled. b Relative mRNA expression levels of EVT marker genes (HLA-G and MMP2) and TSC marker genes (TP63 and TEAD4) in TSCs and EVT differentiating cells. The fold change relative to TSCs is plotted. Error bars: mean ± SD (n = 3, independent repeats). c Principle component analysis illustrating the transcriptome profiles of TSCs, EVT differentiating cells, and STs. d Heatmaps showing Dirichlet Process Gaussian process (DPGP) mixture model clustering²⁰ of genes that exhibited differential expression during at least one time point compared to TSCs (left), and H3K27ac signals assigned to classes 1–4 genes (right). The values represent the log₂-transformed counts and H3K27ac signals, respectively, compared to the average. e GO analysis of classes 1–4 genes was conducted and p-values were calculated in Metascape⁸⁹. f Sample-to-sample distances heatmap showing an overview of similarities and dissimilarities in H3K27ac signals among TSCs, EVT D3, and EVT D8.