Fig. 2: Upper-ocean parameters, sea surface temperature (SST) cooling, and tropical cyclone (TC) wind speed for the Mangkhut case.
From: The North Equatorial Current and rapid intensification of super typhoons
Spatial distribution of (a) ocean heat content (kJ cm−2), (b) sea surface salinity (psu, practical salinity unit), (c) salinity-induced squared buoyancy frequency (N2) averaged over the first 50-m depth, and (d) dynamic potential intensity (DPI; shading in m s−1; Methods) and cooling inhibition (CI) index (contours in (J m−2)1/3); Methods) on 9 September 2018, 1 day before Mangkhut’s rapid intensification. e Temporal evolution of pre-storm SST (solid red line), TC-induced cooled SST (discontinuous red line), CI index (solid blue line), and SST cooling (blue bars). f Temporal evolution of potential intensity (PI, red), dynamic PI (DPI, blue), and JTWC maximum sustained wind speed (black). In (e, f) the computation was performed along the TC track using the fifth generation European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts atmospheric reanalysis (ERA5) atmospheric and Global Ocean Reanalysis and Simulation oceanic reanalyses 2 days prior to the TC arrival.
