Fig. 5: Tunability of Helical dichroism.
From: Intrinsic dichroism in amorphous and crystalline solids with helical light
Simulated and measured HD (Type I), in fused silica as a function of the displacement of singularity for (a, b) variable ratios of superposition of linearly polarized (ϵ = 0.05) OAM (l = ± 3) and Gaussian beams, and c, d linearly polarized (ϵ = 0.05) helical light with l = ± 1, ± 3. In simulation, displacement of the singularity was considered perpendicular to the polarization following experimental conditions. The error bars in (b, d) represent the standard error, of multiple measurements (n = 3), calculated for an average fluence range used to obtain HD. The HD (Type I) was modeled using the relation \(\int\nolimits_{-{w}_{0}}^{{w}_{0}}\Delta {{{{{{{\boldsymbol{\Gamma }}}}}}}}{{{{{{{\rm{d}}}}}}}}x{{{{{{{\rm{\,d}}}}}}}}y\) = \(\int\nolimits_{-{w}_{0}}^{{w}_{0}}{{{{{{{\mathcal{D}}}}}}}}\left({\Upsilon }^{+}-{\Upsilon }^{-}\right){{{{{{{\rm{d}}}}}}}}x{{{{{{{\rm{\,d}}}}}}}}y\) where \({{{{{{{\mathcal{D}}}}}}}}\) represents a collection of physical quantities and ϒ± is optical helicity which describes the handedness of helical light (see text and “Methods” for details).
