Fig. 2: Dynamics of SG formation under acute and chronic stress conditions in hOLs.

A Quantification of the percentage of cells with SGs at different time points during continual exposure to Ctrl, SA, LG, or NG conditions. The left part of the X axis shows up to 10 h—the right part of the X axis from 1 to 4 days of treatment (n = 4). B Representative confocal images of SG formation in hOLs labeled for G3BP1. hOLs were exposed to the indicated treatments for 4 h. C Quantitative analysis of cell death (PI⁺) of hOLs over time. The left part of the X axis shows up to 8 h—the right part of the X axis from 1 to 4 days under the indicated treatments (n = 5). D Quantification of the percentage of cells with SGs during continual exposure to Ctrl, TNFα or IFNγ alone or in combination with NG conditions for 4 and 24 h. For each condition, the specific number of biologic samples tested is shown in the graph. NG treatment alone is added here as a comparator. E Representative confocal images of SG formation in hOLs labeled for G3BP1. hOLs were exposed to the indicated treatments for 24 h. F Quantitative analysis of cell death (PI⁺) of hOLs at 24 h under the indicated treatment. For each condition, the specific number of biologic samples tested is shown in the graph. NG treatment alone is added here as a comparator. No significant differences were found between NG and NG + TNFα + IFNγ conditions. Scale bars, 10 µm. Merge pictures display DAPI (blue), O4 (pink), and G3BP1 (green). G3BP1 was used as the marker of reference for SG formation. Each dot in the graphs corresponds to an independent biological replicate. All data are expressed as mean values ± SEM, analyzed by paired or unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test (A, C) or by one-way ANOVA (D, F) followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons correction. All significant P values are indicated, ns or unlabeled not significant. Ctrl optimal media, SA sodium arsenite, LG/NG low or no glucose. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.