Fig. 6: Injectability and biocompatibility of mECM + PM composites. | Nature Communications

Fig. 6: Injectability and biocompatibility of mECM + PM composites.

From: Elastic porous microspheres/extracellular matrix hydrogel injectable composites releasing dual bio-factors enable tissue regeneration

Fig. 6

A Schematic diagram of subcutaneous injection of composites in rat models and explanations at different time points. B The distribution of mECM, PM, and mECM + PM in syringes, and material retention after injection for 1 and 4 weeks. C H&E staining showing tissue ingrowth. Black dotted box: high magnification images. D S/L values of microspheres in the PM and mECM + PM groups at 1 and 4 weeks after implantation. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3 biologically independent samples, 4 random fields per sample). ****P < 0.0001, ns: no significant difference, one-way ANOVA, multiple comparisons. E Statistical results of cellular infiltration at 1 and 4 weeks. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3 biologically independent samples, 4 random fields per sample). ****P < 0.0001, one-way ANOVA, multiple comparisons. F Masson staining showing the collagen deposition. Black arrows: capillaries; white dashed line: the boundary between material and tissues; red and blue dotted boxes: high magnification images. G The thickness of the collagen layer. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3 biologically independent samples, 2 random fields per sample). H The number of capillaries in (F). Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3 biologically independent samples, 2 random fields per sample). ****P < 0.0001, ns: no significant difference, one-way ANOVA, multiple comparisons. I Statistical results of foreign body giant cells (FBGCs) in different groups at 1 and 4 weeks in (C). Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3 biologically independent samples, 2 random fields per sample). **P < 0.01, ns: no significant difference, one-way ANOVA, multiple comparisons. J, K Immunofluorescence staining images of iNOS (green) and CD206 (red) in different groups 1 and 4 weeks after subcutaneous injection. Nuclei: blue; P: porous microspheres; white dashed line: the boundary between material and tissues; blue dotted box: central region; red dotted box: marginal region. L, M Statistical analysis of the fluorescence intensity of iNOS and CD206. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3 biologically independent samples, 4 random fields per sample). ****P < 0.0001, ns: no significant difference, one-way ANOVA, multiple comparisons.

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