Fig. 4: The downregulation of HIF1A, COPS5, and RPS3 is associated with the resistance of MPI cells to malignant transformation.

a Protein-protein interaction network analysis for the genes involved in M1 and M2. The correlation between degree and betweenness centrality for each node. The top 5 genes are labeled by names. b According to the KMplot database²¹, the number of cancer types was counted if the upregulated expression of a gene within M1 or the downregulated expression of a gene within M2 significantly prolonged the survival time of cancer patients. The frequency distribution of the ratios of the number of these tumor types to the total number of tumor types with significant survival rates across 350 genes involved in co-expression modules M1 and M2 is shown. The lower expression of the top 5 hub genes is generally associated with a higher proportion of survivors with tumors. c Immunoblotting indicates that sgRNAs effectively suppress the expression of COPS5, HIF1A, and RPS3. The suppression of COPS5, HIF1A, and RPS3 expression significantly inhibits cell proliferation. d The overexpression of COPS5, HIF1A, and RPS3 is linked to cell proliferation. The number of dots (n = 3) in (c) and (d) represents the number of independent experiments. All data are presented as mean ± SD. OE means overexpression. The P values are from two-tailed Student’s t tests. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.