Fig. 1: Schematic overview of the study design, variations of the ileal mucosal virome in CD and healthy controls, and covariates of the ileal mucosal virome and bacteriome. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Schematic overview of the study design, variations of the ileal mucosal virome in CD and healthy controls, and covariates of the ileal mucosal virome and bacteriome.

From: The gut ileal mucosal virome is disturbed in patients with Crohn’s disease and exacerbates intestinal inflammation in mice

Fig. 1

a Subject recruitment and cohort description. A total of 208 individuals including patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and healthy controls (HC) were recruited from two China sites, Guangzhou (GZ, HC: n = 51; CD: n = 51) and Kunming (KM, HC: n = 54; CD: n = 52). b Overview of the study design and data collection regime, including respective profiling of the ileal virome and bacteriome, clinical metadata survey, and record of dietary habits for each individual. c Variations of the ileal virome composition at the family level across all participants, plotted according to the ranking order of the relative abundance of each viral family. d The relative abundances of viral families in the ileal mucosal virome. e Percentage of temperate phages and lytic phages in the ileal mucosal virome. Statistical significance was determined by t-test, with 208 independent samples. f Inter-individual Bray–Curtis dissimilarities between ileal virome in the CD and HC groups respectively. Statistical test was performed by Bartlett’s test of homogeneity of variances, with 208 independent samples. g The effect size of metadata factors on human ileal virome variation. Virome covariates were identified via envfit (vegan) and those with statistical significance measured by a two-tailed permutation test (FDR adjusted p < 0.05) were coloured based on the predefined metadata categories (also shown in Supplementary Fig. 3a, b). Insignificant metadata factors were plotted in grey. h Pie chart shows the fraction of ileal virome variation explained by the interrogated metadata factors. i The effect size of metadata factors on human ileal bacteriome variation. j Pie chart shows the fraction of bacteriome variation explained by the interrogated metadata factors. For box plots, the boxes extend from the 1st to the 3rd quartile (25th to 75th percentiles), with the median depicted by a horizontal line.

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