Fig. 2: Environmental and geographical distribution of metagenome-assembled genomes and their species-level clustering.

a A total of 32,355 MAGs recovered from 498 geographically and environmentally diverse microbial community samples in the TPMC. All MAGs have a completeness of at least 50% and a contamination level of less than 5%. b Distribution of quality metrics for the MAGs (n = 32,355). Boxes represent the interquartile range between the first and third quartiles and the line inside represents the median. Whiskers denote the lowest and highest values within the 1.5× interquartile range from the first and third quartiles, respectively. c TPMC MAGs are clustered into 10,723 genome-based species, based on 95% ANI and 30% AF. Representative genomes from GTDB R214 (n = 85,205), GEM (n = 22,746), TG2G (n = 3241), and TARA (n = 957) were then included in the clustering to identify the novelty of the TPMC species. d Geographical and environmental distribution of TPMC species. Region or water ecosystem labels are assigned to species that are clustered by MAGs from diverse regions or water ecosystems. The species that contained MAGs recovered solely from a specific ecosystem were annotated by letters. e The majority of TPMC species with >1 MAG are restricted to individual water ecosystems and regions (Tibet or Qilian). MAG metagenome-assembled genome, ANI average nucleotide identity, AF alignment fraction.