Fig. 7: Comparison between experimental data and modelling results of bubble coalescence, push-down and pop-up in the back of the melt pool.
From: Pore evolution mechanisms during directed energy deposition additive manufacturing
a X-ray images and corresponding simulation images showing bubble coalescence at t = 0.45 ms and t = 0.51 ms (shown in the front and side view images) (see simulation images in Supplementary Fig. 9 and video in Supplementary Movie 7). b X-ray images and corresponding simulation images showing a large bubble pushed by Marangoni shear flow at t = 0.7 ms and t = 4.5 ms from bubble insertion t = 0 ms (shown in the side view image) (see simulation images in Supplementary Fig. 12 and video in Supplementary Movie 9). c X-ray images and corresponding simulation images showing the large bubble pop-up at t = 0.8 ms and t = 0.96 ms from bubble insertion t = 0 ms (shown in the side view image) (see simulation images in Supplementary Fig. 13). T in the colour bar represents temperature in K. Scale bars in (a–c) are 300 μm.
