Table 4 Incidence rate and hazard ratio of clinical sequelae in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 cohort after weighting during 31–90 days of SARS-CoV-2 infection

From: Persistence in risk and effect of COVID-19 vaccination on long-term health consequences after SARS-CoV-2 infection

31–90 days

 

Controls (REF)

COVID-19

Unvaccinated

Incompletely vaccinated

Fully vaccinated

Received booster dose

Clinical sequelae

Event

Incidence per 1000 person-years

Event

Incidence per 1000 person-years

Hazard ratio

Event

Incidence per 1000 person-years

Hazard ratio

Event

Incidence per 1000 person-years

Hazard ratio

Event

Incidence per 1000 person-years

Hazard ratio

Major CVD

3124

5.31 (5.12, 5.50)

5814

10.23 (9.97, 10.49)

1.93 (1.67, 2.22)

4397

7.60 (7.38, 7.83)

1.43 (1.21, 1.70)

3294

5.63 (5.44, 5.82)

1.06 (0.94, 1.20)

3455

5.87 (5.68, 6.07)

1.11 (0.98, 1.25)

Stroke

1775

2.89 (2.76, 3.03)

2863

4.84 (4.66, 5.02)

1.67 (1.37, 2.05)

2400

3.99 (3.83, 4.15)

1.38 (1.09, 1.74)

1759

2.89 (2.75, 3.02)

1.00 (0.85, 1.18)

1597

2.60 (2.47, 2.73)

0.90 (0.75, 1.08)

Myocardial infarction

695

1.10 (1.02, 1.18)

1166

1.89 (1.78, 2.00)

1.72 (1.29, 2.29)

683

1.10 (1.02, 1.18)

1.00 (0.64, 1.55)

716

1.14 (1.06, 1.22)

1.04 (0.80, 1.34)

701

1.11 (1.03, 1.19)

1.01 (0.78, 1.31)

Heart failure

724

1.15 (1.07, 1.24)

2273

3.71 (3.56, 3.86)

3.22 (2.61, 3.98)

1223

1.97 (1.86, 2.08)

1.71 (1.29, 2.28)

1027

1.64 (1.54, 1.74)

1.43 (1.13, 1.81)

982

1.56 (1.46, 1.66)

1.35 (1.05, 1.75)

Atrial fibrillation

474

0.76 (0.69, 0.83)

1119

1.84 (1.73, 1.95)

2.43 (1.80, 3.28)

706

1.14 (1.06, 1.23)

1.51 (1.01, 2.26)

633

1.02 (0.94, 1.10)

1.34 (1.01, 1.78)

507

0.81 (0.74, 0.88)

1.07 (0.78, 1.45)

Coronary artery disease

1227

2.00 (1.90, 2.12)

2347

3.91 (3.75, 4.07)

1.95 (1.57, 2.42)

1533

2.53 (2.41, 2.66)

1.26 (0.94, 1.69)

1343

2.20 (2.09, 2.32)

1.10 (0.91, 1.33)

1606

2.63 (2.50, 2.76)

1.31 (1.11, 1.55)

Deep vein thrombosis

118

0.19 (0.15, 0.22)

433

0.70 (0.63, 0.77)

3.76 (2.19, 6.44)

221

0.35 (0.31, 0.40)

1.90 (0.96, 3.73)

237

0.38 (0.33, 0.43)

2.02 (1.25, 3.28)

106

0.17 (0.14, 0.20)

0.90 (0.48, 1.68)

Cardiovascular mortality

1324

2.08 (1.97, 2.20)

2555

4.11 (3.95, 4.27)

1.97 (1.63, 2.39)

1570

2.50 (2.38, 2.63)

1.20 (0.93, 1.55)

1254

1.98 (1.87, 2.09)

0.95 (0.77, 1.18)

693

1.09 (1.01, 1.17)

0.52 (0.38, 0.72)

Chronic pulmonary disease

308

0.49 (0.44, 0.55)

881

1.45 (1.36, 1.55)

2.94 (2.03, 4.26)

633

1.03 (0.95, 1.11)

2.09 (1.26, 3.45)

385

0.62 (0.56, 0.69)

1.26 (0.88, 1.81)

276

0.44 (0.39, 0.50)

0.90 (0.60, 1.33)

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

539

0.85 (0.78, 0.93)

945

1.53 (1.44, 1.63)

1.80 (1.26, 2.57)

892

1.43 (1.34, 1.52)

1.68 (1.14, 2.48)

625

0.99 (0.92, 1.07)

1.16 (0.88, 1.55)

715

1.13 (1.05, 1.21)

1.32 (0.97, 1.81)

Seizure

290

0.46 (0.41, 0.51)

706

1.15 (1.07, 1.24)

2.51 (1.62, 3.89)

537

0.86 (0.79, 0.94)

1.89 (1.09, 3.27)

351

0.56 (0.50, 0.62)

1.22 (0.84, 1.77)

197

0.31 (0.27, 0.36)

0.68 (0.40, 1.15)

End-stage renal disease

62

0.10 (0.08, 0.13)

101

0.16 (0.13, 0.20)

1.65 (0.58, 4.73)

139

0.22 (0.19, 0.26)

2.27 (0.86, 5.95)

63

0.10 (0.08, 0.13)

1.02 (0.42, 2.47)

21

0.03 (0.02, 0.05)

0.34 (0.10, 1.10)

Acute kidney injury

203

0.32 (0.28, 0.37)

742

1.20 (1.12, 1.29)

3.74 (2.53, 5.52)

513

0.82 (0.75, 0.89)

2.55 (1.54, 4.23)

252

0.40 (0.35, 0.45)

1.24 (0.77, 2.00)

258

0.41 (0.36, 0.46)

1.27 (0.76, 2.10)

Pancreatitis

145

0.23 (0.19, 0.27)

475

0.77 (0.70, 0.84)

3.37 (1.93, 5.88)

265

0.42 (0.37, 0.48)

1.86 (0.90, 3.83)

154

0.24 (0.21, 0.28)

1.07 (0.60, 1.92)

176

0.28 (0.24, 0.32)

1.22 (0.75, 1.97)

All-cause mortality

7708

12.12 (11.85, 12.39)

28,568

45.94 (45.40, 46.47)

3.79 (3.56, 4.03)

13,463

21.43 (21.07, 21.79)

1.77 (1.61, 1.94)

8539

13.49 (13.21, 13.78)

1.11 (1.02, 1.21)

6728

10.55 (10.30, 10.80)

0.87 (0.76, 0.99)

  1. CI confidence interval, REF reference group, Major CVD major cardiovascular disease, Composite outcome of stroke, heart failure and coronary artery disease.
  2. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated by Cox regression, HR > 1 (or <1) indicates patients with COVID-19 had a higher (lower) risk of sequelae compared to the non-COVID-19 control cohort.
  3. Unvaccinated, incomplete vaccinated, fully vaccinated and received booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines refers to patients who have received 0 dose, 1 doses, 2 doses and ≥3 doses of BioNtech or CoronaVac COVID-19 vaccines, respectively.
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