Table 5 Incidence rate and hazard ratio of clinical sequelae in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 cohort after weighting during 91–180 days of SARS-CoV-2 infection

From: Persistence in risk and effect of COVID-19 vaccination on long-term health consequences after SARS-CoV-2 infection

91–180 days

 

Controls (REF)

COVID-19

Unvaccinated

Incomplete vaccination

Fully vaccinated

Received booster dose

Clinical sequelae

Event

Incidence per 1000 person-years

Event

Incidence per 1000 person-years

Hazard ratio

Event

Incidence per 1000 person-years

Hazard ratio

Event

Incidence per 1000 person-years

Hazard ratio

Event

Incidence per 1000 person-years

Hazard ratio

Major CVD

4239

5.58 (5.42, 5.75)

6525

8.24 (8.04, 8.44)

1.48 (1.29, 1.70)

5820

6.91 (6.74, 7.09)

1.25 (1.07, 1.45)

4709

5.63 (5.47, 5.79)

1.01 (0.92, 1.12)

3223

5.00 (4.83, 5.18)

0.89 (0.79, 0.99)

Stroke

2461

3.11 (2.99, 3.23)

3270

3.96 (3.83, 4.10)

1.28 (1.05, 1.56)

3196

3.65 (3.52, 3.77)

1.18 (0.96, 1.45)

2637

3.03 (2.92, 3.15)

0.98 (0.86, 1.12)

1561

2.33 (2.21, 2.44)

0.74 (0.63, 0.87)

Myocardial infarction

913

1.12 (1.05, 1.19)

1499

1.74 (1.65, 1.83)

1.55 (1.16, 2.07)

1156

1.27 (1.20, 1.35)

1.14 (0.82, 1.58)

938

1.05 (0.98, 1.11)

0.93 (0.74, 1.17)

899

1.30 (1.22, 1.39)

1.17 (0.92, 1.47)

Heart failure

834

1.03 (0.96, 1.10)

2135

2.49 (2.39, 2.60)

2.44 (1.95, 3.05)

1516

1.68 (1.59, 1.76)

1.65 (1.24, 2.19)

1299

1.45 (1.38, 1.53)

1.43 (1.16, 1.75)

716

1.04 (0.97, 1.12)

1.00 (0.77, 1.30)

Atrial fibrillation

676

0.84 (0.77, 0.90)

1047

1.23 (1.16, 1.31)

1.47 (1.07, 2.02)

1071

1.19 (1.12, 1.26)

1.42 (1.03, 1.96)

956

1.08 (1.01, 1.14)

1.28 (1.02, 1.61)

800

1.17 (1.09, 1.25)

1.41 (0.96, 2.05)

Coronary artery disease

1699

2.15 (2.05, 2.25)

2688

3.20 (3.09, 3.33)

1.49 (1.21, 1.84)

2403

2.72 (2.62, 2.83)

1.27 (1.01, 1.59)

1856

2.13 (2.04, 2.23)

0.99 (0.85, 1.16)

1514

2.27 (2.16, 2.39)

1.05 (0.89, 1.25)

Deep vein thrombosis

149

0.18 (0.15, 0.21)

263

0.30 (0.27, 0.34)

1.66 (0.87, 3.16)

343

0.38 (0.34, 0.42)

2.06 (1.05, 4.04)

98

0.11 (0.09, 0.13)

0.60 (0.30, 1.17)

135

0.19 (0.16, 0.23)

1.07 (0.47, 2.47)

Cardiovascular mortality

1557

1.90 (1.80, 1.99)

2870

3.30 (3.18, 3.42)

1.74 (1.44, 2.10)

1673

1.83 (1.74, 1.92)

0.96 (0.75, 1.24)

1214

1.34 (1.27, 1.42)

0.71 (0.58, 0.87)

397

0.57 (0.52, 0.63)

0.30 (0.21, 0.44)

Chronic pulmonary disease

432

0.54 (0.49, 0.59)

955

1.13 (1.06, 1.20)

2.12 (1.46, 3.09)

864

0.97 (0.90, 1.03)

1.83 (1.19, 2.81)

559

0.63 (0.58, 0.69)

1.19 (0.89, 1.59)

425

0.63 (0.57, 0.69)

1.15 (0.78, 1.68)

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

714

0.87 (0.81, 0.94)

1447

1.68 (1.59, 1.77)

1.92 (1.43, 2.58)

1017

1.12 (1.05, 1.19)

1.28 (0.89, 1.84)

1022

1.14 (1.07, 1.21)

1.30 (1.04, 1.62)

594

0.86 (0.79, 0.93)

0.99 (0.70, 1.40)

Seizure

389

0.48 (0.43, 0.53)

1046

1.22 (1.15, 1.30)

2.59 (1.81, 3.71)

936

1.03 (0.97, 1.10)

2.20 (1.46, 3.34)

412

0.46 (0.42, 0.50)

0.97 (0.70, 1.36)

300

0.43 (0.39, 0.48)

0.89 (0.48, 1.65)

End-stage renal disease

77

0.09 (0.08, 0.12)

132

0.15 (0.13, 0.18)

1.62 (0.58, 4.52)

182

0.20 (0.17, 0.23)

2.15 (0.83, 5.62)

39

0.04 (0.03, 0.06)

0.47 (0.16, 1.34)

0

NA

NA

Acute kidney injury

355

0.43 (0.39, 0.48)

638

0.74 (0.68, 0.80)

1.71 (1.14, 2.57)

498

0.55 (0.50, 0.60)

1.27 (0.81, 1.99)

441

0.49 (0.45, 0.54)

1.14 (0.80, 1.61)

144

0.21 (0.18, 0.25)

0.48 (0.26, 0.88)

Pancreatitis

181

0.22 (0.19, 0.25)

205

0.24 (0.21, 0.27)

1.07 (0.52, 2.21)

186

0.20 (0.18, 0.23)

0.92 (0.37, 2.27)

194

0.22 (0.19, 0.25)

0.97 (0.58, 1.63)

104

0.15 (0.12, 0.18)

0.69 (0.36, 1.29)

All-cause mortality

9958

12.13 (11.89, 12.37)

22,224

25.56 (25.23, 25.90)

2.11 (1.97, 2.26)

13,014

14.22 (13.98, 14.47)

1.17 (1.07, 1.29)

8752

9.69 (9.49, 9.90)

0.80 (0.74, 0.87)

5537

7.98 (7.77, 8.19)

0.66 (0.57, 0.75)

  1. CI confidence interval, REF reference group, Major CVD major cardiovascular disease, Composite outcome of stroke, heart failure and coronary artery disease.
  2. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated by Cox regression, HR > 1 (or <1) indicates patients with COVID-19 had higher (lower) risk of sequelae compared to the non-COVID-19 control cohort.
  3. Unvaccinated, incomplete vaccinated, fully vaccinated, and received booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines refers to patients who have received 0 dose, 1 doses, 2 doses and ≥3 doses of BioNtech or CoronaVac COVID-19 vaccines, respectively.
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