Fig. 2: Dynamic changes in power spectra and functional connectivity between cortical and subcortical regions during N2/N3 NREM sleep. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Dynamic changes in power spectra and functional connectivity between cortical and subcortical regions during N2/N3 NREM sleep.

From: Multi-night cortico-basal recordings reveal mechanisms of NREM slow-wave suppression and spontaneous awakenings in Parkinson’s disease

Fig. 2

A Power spectrum changes during N2/N3 NREM with wake as baseline for all participants (n = 5) during ON stimulation in cortical (top) and subcortical (bottom) areas. y-axis shows the difference in power spectra (mean ± SEM; dB) between N2/N3 NREM and wakefulness. B Power in delta increases (top) while beta decreases (bottom) during N2/N3 NREM compared to wakefulness during ON stimulation in cortical (left) and subcortical (right) areas. Bar plots show the difference in spectral power (mean ± SEM; each data point shows average difference in dB across one night). C During OFF stimulation, delta power increases while beta decreases in N2/N3 NREM compared to the wakefulness in PD participants (n = 4) in cortical (top) and subcortical (bottom) areas (difference in power spectra in dB; mean ± SEM). D Difference in cortical spectral power between ON and OFF stimulation (ON power-OFF power; each colored line for one participant; mean ± SEM in gray) in 4 PD participants in N2/N3 NREM (top), showing increased delta and decreased alpha and sigma activities (8–15 Hz) while ON stimulation. The spectral power in subcortical regions didn’t show any statistically significant difference (bottom). E Changes in cortical-subcortical spectral coherence (mean ± SEM) during N2/N3 NREM with wakefulness as baseline for all participants (n = 5) during ON stimulation. y-axis shows the difference in spectral coherence between N2/N3 NREM and wakefulness. F Total difference in spectral coherence in delta (left) and beta (right) during N2/N3 NREM compared to wake during ON stimulation. Barplots show difference in spectral coherence (mean ± SEM; each point shows average difference in spectral coherence across one night). G During OFF stimulation, delta coherence increases while beta coherence decreases in N2/N3 NREM compared to the wakefulness in PD participants (n = 4; mean ± SEM). Data from both hemispheres were pooled for all panels. Baseline is shown as horizontal line at 0 for A, C, D, E, and G. For B and F: n = 12 (PD2); n = 11 (PD3); n = 11 (PD7); n = 10 (PD9); n = 9 (Dystonia). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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