Fig. 3: Inverse relationship between subcortical beta and cortical delta activities during N2/N3 NREM sleep. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Inverse relationship between subcortical beta and cortical delta activities during N2/N3 NREM sleep.

From: Multi-night cortico-basal recordings reveal mechanisms of NREM slow-wave suppression and spontaneous awakenings in Parkinson’s disease

Fig. 3

A Example of subcortical beta (purple) and cortical delta (green) power (PD3; single night; ON stimulation; smoothed with 20-point Gaussian kernel) depicting the inverse relationship. B Average Spearman’s rho correlation between subcortical beta and cortical delta power for 4 PD participants in ON (left; mean ± SEM; each point shows overnight correlation) and OFF (right; stem plots; n = 4; single night per participant) stimulation. C Scatter plots depicting the correlation between subcortical beta (STN: brown, red; GPi: blue, light blue) and cortical delta power in 4 PD participants (ON stimulation; 5 s epochs; each plot is single night data pooled from both hemispheres). LME models constructed for cortical delta with subcortical beta as fixed and hemisphere as random effect (PD3: β = −0.58, p value = 0; PD9: β = −0.87, p value = 1.2e−144; PD2: β = −0.41, p value = 1.8e−129; PD7: β = −0.41, p value = 1.3e−139). D Normalized cross-correlation between subcortical beta and cortical delta power (mean ± SEM) showing the subcortical beta preceding cortical delta in PD participants (ON stimulation). The bar plot (left; each point shows overnight lag) shows lags in subcortical beta compared to cortical delta. Example of cross-correlation showing the lag in subcortical beta with normalized cross-correlation vs. lag time (s) for subcortical beta with cortical delta as reference (right; PD2; single night; ON stimulation; dashed vertical line is zero-lag). E Interactions between cortical delta and beta. The bar plot (left) shows average Spearman’s rho correlation between cortical delta and beta power (mean ± SEM; 4 PD participants across multiple nights; each point shows overnight correlation; ON stimulation). The scatter plots (middle and right) show cortical delta and beta power (ON stimulation; 5 s epoch; single nights for PD2 and PD9). LME models were similar to C (PD2: β = 0.18, p value = 4.7e−12; PD9: β = −0.36, p value = 1.7e−60). For barplots in B (ON stimulation), D and E: data pooled from both hemispheres with n = 12(PD2), n = 11(PD3), n = 11(PD7), and n = 10(PD9). Data from all panels are from N2/N3 NREM. All p values were two-sided. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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