Fig. 2: Direct conversion of old peripheral blood mononuclear cells to neural stem cells results in epigenetic clock reversal.
From: The long and winding road of reprogramming-induced rejuvenation

Several explanations of the observed rejuvenation effect are possible as discussed in the text. a Direct conversion cannot achieve full rejuvenation. b Direct conversion can achieve full rejuvenation in an extended conversion period. c An intermediate state is required for rejuvenation where the pluripotent network is active. d Even though epigenetic clock reversal is observed, no age-related functional changes in the cells is observed. e Pluripotency network is required for full rejuvenation whereas other networks responsible during direct conversion can only partially rejuvenate. Figure was created with BioRender.com.