Fig. 4: Suppression efficiency of mosquito populations after sterile male releases.

a Dynamics of larval suppression. The release area is compared to the control area (n = 14 samples, t = 4.209, df = 13, P = 0.0010, Two-tailed Paired t test). b, Dynamics of adult female suppression. A total of 4 BG traps in the release area and 6 in the control area. Female reduction is observed in the release area (n = 16 samples, t = 2.890, df = 15, P = 0.0112, Two-tailed Paired t test). The red dotted lines indicate the suppression efficiency in both (a) and (b). c Ratio of males to females. An average ratio of 101.3 (±35.8) males to females was observed via HLC from 3rd to 6th November versus 12.5 via BG trapping on 3–4 November (n = 3 samples, t = 2.367, df = 2, P = 0.1415, One sample t test). d Proportion of sterile males in the collected males via HLC and BG trapping. In both collecting methods, over 95% of collected males (HLC: 39/40; BG: 88/92) were sterile males, which were identified through qPCR based on the wsp gene of Wolbachia. The Wolbachia-negative samples were considered as the released sterile males. e Comparison on the suppression efficiency in adult females between HLC and BG trapping. Higher suppression efficiency was observed in HLC than in BG trapping (HLC: 81.42% ± 1.45%, n = 3 samples; BG: 42.31%, as indicated by the black arrow in (b); n = 3 samples, t = 26.95, df = 2, P = 0.0014, One sample t test). All the data was presented as Mean ± SEM. Source data are provided in the Source Data file named “raw_data_field.xlsx”.