Fig. 2: Ligand optimization and its application in methoxycarbonylation. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Ligand optimization and its application in methoxycarbonylation.

From: Identification of a potent palladium-aryldiphosphine catalytic system for high-performance carbonylation of alkenes

Fig. 2

a Ligand optimization for methoxycarbonylation of 1-octene; Reaction condtions: 1-octene (2 mmol), methanol (8 mmol), Pd(acac)2 (0.2 mol%), L (0.8 mol%), TsOH·H2O (2 mol%), CO (2 MPa), 1,4-dioxane (4 ml), 100 °C, 3 h, GC yields of the mixture of linear and branched esters are based on 1-octene using n-decane as the internal standard, the ratio of linear and branched esters is determined by GC analysis and is shown in parentheses; a Methanol (4 ml) instead of 1,4-dioxane as the solvent; b 1-octene (8 mmol), methanol (2 mmol), 20 h. b Methoxycarbonylation of ethylene at mole-scale; Reaction conditions: ethylene (2.0 mol), methanol (1200 ml), Pd(acac)2 (0.00069 mmol), L11 (0.5 mmol), TsOH·H2O (4.0 mmol), CO (8.0 MPa), 100 °C, 48 h for TON, or 18 h for TOF. TON, turnover number. TOF, turnover frequency. pytbpx, 1,2-bis((tert-butyl(pyridin-2-yl)phosphanyl)methyl)benzene.

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