Fig. 3: Characterization, efficient drug loading and responsive drug release of MN patches.

a Force curve of MN patches with different crosslinking time. Arrows indicate fracture force. b Swelling ratios of MNs with different crosslinking time. c Drug loading amount of 5-FuA prepared from various concentrations of drug loading solutions. d Crosslinking efficiency of MNs with different crosslinking time. e Enzymatic degradation of GelMA with different crosslinking time. f SEM images of MN patches before (left) and after (right) enzymatic degradation (n = 3 independent experiments). g ROS-responsive cleavage of 5-FuA-Pep-MA prodrug incubated with different concentrations of H2O2. h Drug release curves of dual responsiveness drug delivery platform with different crosslinking time. The data in (b–e), (g, h) are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3 independent experiments). The data were analyzed by t-test. P-value: ***P < 0.001.