Fig. 3: XPS and XAS characterizations of Fe SAs-HP and as-prepared catalysts.

a XPS of N 1 s for catalysts and b corresponding proportions of N species. Red: pyridinic N. Dark red: Fe-N. Yellow: pyrrolic N. Cyan: graphitic N. Purple: oxidized N. c XANES of Fe K-edge and d FT-EXAFS of as-prepared catalysts. e, f Experimental (Exp) and fitting of Fe SAs-HP at R space and q space, respectively. g XANES fitting of Fe SAs-HP. The inset picture indicates the atomic structure of Fe SAs-HP. h–j WT-EXAFS of Fe K-edge for Fe foil, Fe2O3, and Fe SAs-HP, respectively.