Fig. 4: Electrochemical performance of as-prepared catalysts.

a LSV curves of as-prepared catalysts under 0.1 M KOH. b Alkaline Jk at 0.90 V and E1/2 of catalysts. c Alkaline ADT tests of Fe SAs-HP. d Comparison of alkaline ORR performance for Fe SAs-HP with reported catalysts, respectively. e Polarization curves of as-prepared catalysts with different pore structures by GDE. f The plots of potentials against current densities at a logarithmic scale of as-prepared catalysts denoted in e. g Schematic illustration of GDE measurements. Highly pure oxygen was purged into the chamber with 100% humidity at 70 °C with a flow rate of 150 mL/min. The electrolyte was 1.0 M KOH. h, i Mass activity and TOF of as-prepared catalysts at 0.80 V and 0.85 V, respectively.