Fig. 2: Natural variations and potential application of OsUBC12 in rice.

a The presence of the transposon insertion in eight representative two-line male sterile lines. M, DL2000 Plus DNA Marker. To detect the transposon insertion, we used forward (F) and reverse (R) primers located downstream of the transposon gene and upstream of UBC12, respectively; the PCR products are sequenced correctly. Specific primers for transposon insertion detection are listed in Supplementary Data 1. b Violin plots showing low-temperature germinability of 50 varieties without transposon insertion and 21 varieties with transposon insertion, which from the majority of the 69 cultivated accessions selected from nine rice subpopulations of the 3000 rice genomes as well as all varieties and sterile lines in Fig. 2a. n = 50 (without transposon insertion), 21 (with transposon insertion). Edges of box indicate 25 and 75 percentile points along with medians. Whiskers indicate minima and maxima. The data were statistically analyzed by two-tailed Student’s t-test (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01). c Left panel: seedlings of IR64 and the introgression lines SL2116 or SL2117, after 8 d at 1, 2 or 3 cm sowing depth under direct-seeding conditions at low temperature (18 °C). Right panel: seedlings of WT (KY131) and osubc12 mutants, after 7 d at 1, 2 or 3 cm sowing depth under direct-seeding conditions at low temperature (18 °C). The value shown in the lower-right corner of each hole is the emergence rate. Scale bars, 1 cm. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.