Fig. 1: Retinal cells in response to optic nerve crush.

a Schematic diagram illustrates the crush site on the optic nerve and the timeline for retinal tissue collection and dissociation. b UMAP exhibits retinal cell types identified with scRNA-seq data of whole retinal tissues of mice. A total of 56,531 retinal cells were profiled to annotate 14 major cell types. c UMAP shows the expression pattern of Abca8a, Rpe65, or Opn1mw in whole mouse retinal cells, which represent the marker genes for Müller glia (MG), retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, and cone cells, respectively. d Expression patterns of representative known marker genes in retinal cell types. e Heatmap exhibits differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Müller glia (MG), for example, at different time points before and after ONC. f Gene ontology analysis (GO) reveals the representative biological processes based on DEG patterns shown in panel (e). The p-values are based on a hypergeometric test, adjusted by the Benjamini–Hochberg method. g Density plot illustrates the absolute fold-change (log2FC) of genes expressed in MG (detection rate > 0.1). The highest absolute |log2FC| value among three comparisons (12 h vs. control, 24 h vs. control, and 48 h vs. control) was calculated for each gene. Ligand and receptor genes (L/R) are grouped in yellow, while the other genes are shown in light purple for comparison. The p-values are based on the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test (two-sided).