Table 2 Underlying process for positive temporal rate of Community Temperature Index (CTI_r>0)

Factor	Level	n	Tropicalization minus Deborealization mean (°C y⁻¹)	Tropicalization minus Deborealization SE	DF	t-value	p-value	AICc
Biological group	CHB benthos	6	0.3020	0.1489	46	2.028	0.0484	49.17
	CSB benthos	18	0.5422	0.0859	46	6.306	<0.0001
	Zooplankton	3	0.1716	0.2106	46	0.815	0.4193
	Demersal crustaceans	4	−0.1107	0.1841	46	−0.607	0.5468
	Cephalopods	5	−0.0647	0.1647	46	−0.397	0.6935
	Fish	16	0.0537	0.0912	46	0.589	0.5590
Habitat	Benthic / demersal	40	0.3413	0.0613	48	5.566	<0.0001	53.03
	Estuarine	3	0.0042	0.2239	48	0.019	0.9850
	Pelagic	8	−0.1429	0.1371	48	−1.042	0.3030
Region	Baltic Sea	4	0.2903	0.1809	49	1.605	0.1150	41.85
	Mediterranean Sea	19	−0.0731	0.0832	49	−0.881	0.3830
	Northeast Atlantic	29	0.4278	0.0672	49	6.366	<0.0001
Basin type	Non-enclosed seas	26	0.4767	0.0693	50	6.873	<0.0001	37.63
Basin type	Semi-enclosed seas	26	−0.0083	0.0693	50	−0.119	0.9050	37.63

Tropicalization minus deborealization analysed with linear models by factors. t- and p-values correspond to two-sided Wald test. Significant p-values (p < 0.05) are in bold.
CHB coastal hard bottom, CSB coastal soft bottom, SE standard error, AICc Akaike’s Information Criterion corrected, DF degrees of freedom.

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