Fig. 3: Molecular signatures associated with the adjusted log-fold change antibody response induced by Tdap-IPV.

Dot plot of blood transcription modules (BTMs, rows) whose activity 1 day post-vaccination (Day 1/Day 0) is associated with adjusted log10-fold change (Methods) of Tdap-IPV induced antigen-specific antibody responses (columns) 28 days (Day 28/Day 0) or 1 year (Year 1/Day 0) post-vaccination. Data are shown for the combined participants of the Netherlands (NL, 26 paired samples from N = 13 participants) and United Kingdom (UK, 22 paired samples from N = 11 participants) cohorts. Gene set enrichment analysis was used to identify positive (red) or negative (blue) enrichment of BTMs within pre-ranked gene lists, where genes were ordered according to their correlation between gene expression and antibody response. Statistical significance and p-values were calculated against an empirical null distribution and reflect two-sided tests. False discovery rate (FDR) adjusted p values were calculated. BTMs shown, (nominal p value < 0.05) have more than two FDR adjusted significant associations (FDR < 0.05) with antibody responses, and enriched BTMs with FDR < 0.05 are highlighted with a black border. BTMs are annotated according to biological function on the right. Abbreviations: NES normalized enrichment score, FHA filamentous hemagglutinin, PRN pertactin, PT pertussis toxin, Dt diphtheria toxoid, TT tetanus toxin. Source data are provided in the Source Data file.