Fig. 2: Charge formation and characterization of polyamide membranes via IL-decoupled strategy. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Charge formation and characterization of polyamide membranes via IL-decoupled strategy.

From: Double charge flips of polyamide membrane by ionic liquid-decoupled bulk and interfacial diffusion for on-demand nanofiltration

Fig. 2

a Chemcial structure of ionic liquid (IL), [Bmim][BF4] and schematic presentation of the interface between IL/water solution and hexane solution. Water and hexane molecules are represented with red and gray colors. The [Bmim]+ cation and [BF4]− anion of [Bmim][BF4] are represented with cyan and orange colors, and they display apparent accumulation at the interface between IL/water solution and hexane solution. b Zeta potential at pH 6 of PA-IL membranes formed by PIP and TMC under different IL volume proportions. The blue, yellow, and pink regions represent negative, positive, and neutral chargeability of PA-IL membranes, respectively. c Deconvoluted N 1s spectra on the surfaces of these PA-IL0%, PA-IL40%, and PA-IL100% membranes. The amino group ratios of PA-IL membranes rise and then fall with IL volume proportions. d Surface charge windows of polyamide membranes formed by PIP and TMC via different interfacial polymerization (IP) processes. Those reported data from different literature are represented with distinguishing colors and the surface charges of PA-IL membranes are marked in red.

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