Fig. 1: Metabolic measurements for mothers fed with different dietary fat during lactation as well as their offspring.

a Diagram of experimental design. b Maternal body weight (BW) (c) body fat mass, d body lean mass, e food intake (FI) and (f) energy intake (EI) from low fat and high fat dietary groups during lactation. Sample sizes of mothers fed low fat diet (LFD) during lactation were 9, for those fed high fat diet (HFD) were 6. g Maternal metabolizable energy intake (MEI), daily energy expenditure (DEE) and milk energy output (MEO) during peak lactation. Sample sizes of maternal LFD group for the measurements were 8, for those from maternal HFD group were 3. p value by GLM adjusted with BW. h Litter and (i) pup mass of offspring raised by mothers fed with different dietary fat during lactation. j Litter fat and lean mass of postnatal day16 offspring raised by mothers fed with different dietary fat. Sample sizes of litters from maternal LFD group were 8, for those from maternal HFD group were 5. p value by one-way ANOVA. * represents p < 0.05, ** represents p < 0.01. ns represents no significance between comparisons. Values are means±s.d. LFD represents low fat diet, HFD represents high fat diet, P represents postnatal in (a). BL represents baseline, L represents lactation in (b−i). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.