Fig. 2: The HCA model captures all stages of bone homeostasis. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: The HCA model captures all stages of bone homeostasis.

From: The bone ecosystem facilitates multiple myeloma relapse and the evolution of heterogeneous drug resistant disease

Fig. 2

a Images from simulations at initial conditions (left) and after 4 years (right). Legend depicts colors of cell types in the model. b BMU is initiated in response to release of RANKL from bone lining cells (1). Preosteoclasts migrate to RANKL and fuse to form an osteoclast under highest concentrations (2). Osteoclasts resorb bone and stored BDFs are released which recruits MSCs. MSCs divide asymmetrically producing preosteoblasts which proliferate rapidly under high TGF-β conditions. Upon completion of resorption, BDF levels fall allowing for preosteoblast differentiation to osteoblasts, osteoblasts form new bone (4) and ultimately undergo apoptosis or become quiescent bone lining cells (5).

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