Table 3 Observational associations between remnant cholesterol and cardiometabolic multimorbidity when pooling type 2 diabetes and ischemic heart disease together

From: Elevated blood remnant cholesterol and triglycerides are causally related to the risks of cardiometabolic multimorbidity

 

Serum remnant cholesterol, mmol/L

 

<0.4

0.4–<0.6

0.6–<0.8

0.8–<1.0

≥ 1.0

P for trend

Disease free to T2D

      

  Cases/Total

495/41,529

1807/91,432

2928/95,887

2511/58,487

2910/46,695

 

  Incidence

10

16

25

36

53

 

  HR, 95% CI

1.00

1.23 (1.11, 1.36)

1.48 (1.35, 1.63)

1.84 (1.67, 2.03)

2.46 (2.23, 2.71)

<1 × 10−20

Disease free to IHD

      

  Cases/Total

1206/41,529

3604/91,432

5016/95,887

3988/58,487

3739/46,695

 

  Incidence

24

32

43

57

68

 

  HR, 95% CI

1.00

1.08 (1.01, 1.16)

1.21 (1.14, 1.29)

1.45 (1.36, 1.55)

1.63 (1.52, 1.74)

<1 × 10−20

T2D to IHD-T2D multimorbidity

      

  Cases/Total

34/469

114/1720

240/2810

175/2392

222/2766

 

  Incidence

149

133

173

147

149

 

  HR, 95% CI

1.00

0.84 (0.57, 1.24)

1.09 (0.76, 1.56)

0.93 (0.64, 1.34)

0.97 (0.67, 1.39)

0.416

IHD to IHD-T2D multimorbidity

      

  Cases/Total

23/1202

120/3601

189/5000

196/3974

220/3732

 

  Incidence

35

61

69

89

101

 

  HR, 95% CI

1.00

1.54 (0.98, 2.41)

1.57 (1.02, 2.43)

2.01 (1.30, 3.10)

2.14 (1.39, 3.31)

8.89 × 10−5

  1. Incidence was calculated as cases per 10,000 person-years. Hazard ratios were calculated via multistate modeling adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, pack-years of smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, diet quality score, sleep quality score, and fasting time.
  2. CI confidence interval, HR hazard ratio, IHD ischemic heart disease, T2D type 2 diabetes.
  3. Statistical significance is set at two-sided P value < 0.05.
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