Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the participants
| Â | SYSUCC | CQUCC | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Training | Validation | Internal test dataset | External test dataset |
No. of patients | 532 | 63 | 129 | 387 |
Age (y) | ||||
  Mean ± SD | 48 ± 12 | 46 ± 13 | 48 ± 14 | 43 ± 12 |
  Range | 16–82 | 16–69 | 20–79 | 18–83 |
Menopausal status | ||||
  Premenopausal | 291 (54.7) | 37 (58.7) | 70 (54.3) | 272 (70.3) |
  Postmenopausal | 241 (45.3) | 26 (41.3) | 59 (45.7) | 115 (29.7) |
CA125 concentration | ||||
  Mean ± SD | 1218 ± 3119 | 919 ± 1923 | 1274 ± 2902 | 245 ± 2413 |
  Range | 4–37,827 | 9–12,684 | 7–20,308 | 2–46,090 |
Lesion diameter (mm) | ||||
  Mean ± SD | 74.0 ± 36.5 | 74.8 ± 31.9 | 72.4 ± 32.9 | 71.2 ± 35.0 |
  Range | 10–224 | 30–161 | 15–164 | 19–334 |
Histological type | ||||
  Benign (%) | 215 (40.4) | 27 (42.9) | 54 (41.9) | 306 (79.1) |
  Teratoma | 72 (33.5) | 12 (44.5) | 20 (37.0) | 86 (28.1) |
  Endometriosis | 48 (22.3) | 9 (33.3) | 17 (31.4) | 102 (33.3) |
  Cyst | 33 (15.3) | 2 (7.4) | 5 (9.3) | 33 (10.8) |
  Cystadenoma | 19 (8.8) | 2 (7.4) | 4 (7.3) | 50 (16.4) |
  Inflammation | 17 (8.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.7) | 1 (0.3) |
  Corpus luteum | 11 (5.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.9) | 14 (4.7) |
  Thecoma | 6 (2.8) | 1 (3.7) | 1 (1.9) | 5 (1.6) |
  Fibroma | 4 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.9) | 5 (1.6) |
  Hydrosalpinx | 2 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.7) | 5 (1.6) |
  Other | 3 (1.4) | 1 (3.7) | 1 (1.9) | 5 (1.6) |
 Malignant (%) | 317 (59.6) | 36 (57.1) | 75 (58.1) | 81 (26.5) |
  Serous carcinoma | 237 (74.8) | 23 (63.9) | 60 (80.0) | 47 (58.0) |
  Borderline tumor | 30 (9.5) | 6 (16.7) | 5 (6.6) | 16 (19.7) |
  Endometrioid carcinoma | 9 (2.8) | 1 (2.8) | 2 (2.7) | 5 (6.2) |
  Clear cell | 9 (2.8) | 3 (8.3) | 2 (2.7) | 2 (2.5) |
  Other | 32(10.1) | 3 (8.3) | 6 (8.0) | 11 (13.6) |
