Fig. 2: Topological moiré minibands and phase diagram.

a, b The topological phase diagrams of the lowest conduction bands CB1 for different moiré potentials with V0/E0 = 0 for (a) and V0/E0 = 1.2 for (b). The three phases for CB1 are topological insulator (TI) phase with νCB1 = 1, normal insulator (NI) phase with νCB1 = 0 and semi-metal (SM) phase with CB1 connected to higher energy bands. The 1a, 1b, 1c are the Wyckoff positions of corresponding atomic orbitals for CB1 in NI phases. c The phase diagram for different uniform asymmetrical potentials with ϕ = 0. Regions I, II and III are three parameter regimes with νCB1 = 1 for CB1. d, e Examples of spectra with nontrivial CB1 in the regions I and II, respectively. The spectrum in (d) has both TR and inversion, and is thus doubly degenerate. The inset of (e) is the Wannier center flow for CB1.