Fig. 5: Correlation analysis between model predictions and paired IHC quantification.

a Visual comparison between predicted heatmaps and corresponding IHC slide images. The stain-separated images are produced by employing the diaminobenzidine and hematoxylin channels from IHC slide images as the green and blue components, respectively. A more pronounced green area signifies higher PDL1 levels. b Scatter plots illustrating the relationship between normalized IHC quantification and predicted positive probability by the proposed model. The error band represents a 95% confidence interval, calculated using bootstrap methods. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.