Table 1 Description and annotation of experiments

From: The role of mountains in shaping the global meridional overturning circulation

Experiment

Year

AMOC

PMOC

Description

Flat

0001-1600

0.7

12.0

Flat global topography (50 m)

AM

0801-1600

0.5

15.8

Add AM to Flat

AT

0801-2400

1.1

16.6

Add AT to Flat

GL

0801-1600

0.4

12.5

Add GL to Flat

RM

0801-2000

0.4

7.1

Add RM to Flat

TP

0801-3000

2.4

2.0

Add TP to Flat

RM + AT

2001-2400

0.9

10.6

Add AT to the previous stage

RM + AT + AM

2401-3400

2.1

21.2

Add AM to the previous stage

RM + AT + AM + GL

3401-4000

1.5

21.9

Add GL to the previous stage

RM + AT + AM + GL + TP

4001-6000

18.1

3.5

Add TP to the previous stage

TP + AM

0801-3000

5.0

2.0

Add TP and AM to Flat

TP + GL

0801-3000

1.7

2.4

Add TP and GL to Flat

TP + AT

0801-3000

19.4

2.5

Add TP and AT to Flat

TP + RM

0801-3000

2.4

2.4

Add TP and RM to Flat

Real

0801-3000

18.2

3.6

Add all topography simultaneously to Flat

  1. “RM, AT, AM, GL, and TP” represent the Rocky Mountains, the Antarctic, the Andes Mountains, Greenland, and the Tibetan Plateau, respectively. “All” represents the global topography. “Year” represents the integration length of the experiment. The strengths of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and Pacific meridional overturning circulation (PMOC) (units: Sv) are obtained by averaging results over the last 100 years of the integration. Strong AMOC and PMOC are marked by bold face.